What Is Vibe Coding? The Complete Guide for 2026

Vibe coding is the practice of building software by describing what you want in natural language and letting AI tools generate the code. Instead of writing every line yourself, you prompt tools like Cursor, Lovable, Bolt, or Replit Agent to build features, fix bugs, and scaffold entire applications.

The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy in early 2025 and quickly became the standard way to describe this new approach to software development.

How vibe coding works

The typical vibe coding workflow looks like this:

1. Describe what you want — "Build me a SaaS dashboard with user authentication, a billing page, and a settings panel"
2. The AI generates code — The tool creates files, components, database schemas, and API routes
3. You iterate with prompts — "Make the sidebar collapsible" or "Add a dark mode toggle"
4. You ship it — Deploy to Vercel, Netlify, or wherever your hosting lives

This loop can produce a working prototype in hours rather than weeks. The AI handles boilerplate, component structure, and even basic styling.

Popular vibe coding tools

Cursor is an AI-powered code editor built on VS Code. You write prompts in a chat panel and the AI edits your files directly. Best for developers who want AI assistance while maintaining full control over the codebase.

Lovable (formerly GPT Engineer) generates full-stack applications from a text description. It uses Supabase for the backend and deploys automatically. Best for non-technical founders who want a working prototype fast.

Bolt by StackBlitz runs entirely in the browser. You describe your app, it generates the code, and you can see the result in a live preview. Best for rapid prototyping without local setup.

Replit Agent combines code generation with built-in hosting. You describe your app, the agent builds it, and Replit handles deployment. Best for people who want everything in one platform.

Each tool has different strengths and trade-offs. For a detailed breakdown, see our comparison of Cursor, Lovable, Bolt, and the rest.

What vibe coding gets right

The speed is real. A solo founder can go from idea to working prototype in a weekend. Features that would take a development team days to scaffold — authentication, database schemas, API routes, responsive layouts — materialise in minutes.

For validation, this is transformative. You can test whether an idea resonates with users before investing serious development time.

Where vibe coding breaks down

The gap between "it works in a demo" and "it's ready for real users" is where most vibe-coded apps stall. Common issues include:

Security holes — AI-generated code frequently exposes API keys in client-side code, skips input validation, and leaves database tables without row-level security. These aren't edge cases. They show up in nearly every vibe-coded app we audit. We've compiled a security checklist covering the 15 most common vulnerabilities.

No error handling — The AI builds for the happy path. When API calls fail, when users submit unexpected data, when sessions expire — the app shows blank screens or crashes entirely.

Unoptimised queries — Database queries work fine with 10 rows of test data. With 10,000 rows of real data, they grind to a halt. Missing indexes, unnecessary joins, and fetching entire tables are standard.

No tests — AI tools rarely generate tests unless explicitly prompted. Every change carries the risk of breaking something else, and you won't know until a user reports it.

Fragile architecture — Code duplication, inconsistent state management, and tightly coupled components make the codebase difficult to maintain or extend.

The last 20% problem

Most vibe-coded apps are about 80% complete. They look good, the core features work, and the founder is excited. But the remaining 20% — security, error handling, performance, testing, and launch readiness — is the difference between a demo and a product.

This is the work that AI tools aren't good at yet. It requires human judgement: understanding threat models, anticipating edge cases, and making architectural decisions that consider the long-term health of the codebase.

How to close the gap

If you've built something with vibe coding and want to take it to production, the path forward typically involves:

1. A security audit — Identify every vulnerability before users find them
2. Error handling and monitoring — So you know when things break
3. Performance testing — Ensure the app works under real-world load
4. Test coverage — At least on critical paths like auth, payments, and data mutations
5. Launch preparation — Analytics, SEO, landing page, and a plan to reach your first users

You can do this yourself if you have the development experience, or you can hire a developer who specialises in AI-built apps.

Request a free audit and we'll send you a 5-point security snapshot of your app within 48 hours.